Small Changho | Baraji, Nukkup, Changgyeong

Small Changho | Baraji, Nukkup, Changgyeong

A changho inside a changho.

Sometimes a palm-sized opening is set high on a wall; sometimes a single lattice cell is built to open on its own.

These small changho have plenty of names. But the names don't split cleanly from one another.

Baraji · Ssang-baraji

A very small changho set high on a wall.

A two-panel version is a ssang-baraji.

Nunsseop-baraji

A small changho built to open on its own, within one section of a larger changho.

Yakgye-baraji

A small changho cut into the service counter of a traditional herbal pharmacy, used for passing packets of medicine back and forth.

A rare case where the use itself became the name.

Nukkup

A small peephole changho, built with a narrow-slat frame that opens and closes, set within one section of a larger changho.

In Jang Gi-in's plates, it's drawn right alongside a changgyeong. It appears that a changgyeong and a nukkup were sometimes set into the same changho together.

Ttoe-chang

A changho styled very small. Also written ttoe-changmun or doe-changmun.

Nunkkopjaegi-chang

A very small changho set beside a single hinged door.

In a house with no one to answer the main gate, this changho was opened to check who was outside.

Kkoe-chang

A changho found on a bunhapmun.

Jang Gi-in's body text describes it as a changho on the bunhapmun. His classification table describes it as a changho above the bunhapmun. Whether it's on it or above it is left unresolved.

Changgyeong (窓鏡) · Changgyeong-teul (窓鏡框)

Glass set into part of a paper changho so you can see outside. The frame holding the glass is the changgyeong-teul.

The order of construction survives in the record: the glass is fitted and trimmed first, then the changho paper is applied, and finally the center is cut away.

It was usually set into a large section of a wanja-chang or aja-chang.

Why the Names Overlap

Nunsseop-baraji · Nukkup · Kkoe-chang.

All three are "a small changho within one section of a larger changho." Go by definition alone, and they don't separate at all.

Baraji · Ttoe-chang · Nunkkopjaegi-chang are the same way. All three are simply "a very small changho."

Lattice names don't work like this.

Se-sal and jeongja-sal are joined by different methods. Semo-sotgeul-sal and yukmo-sotgeul-sal split depending on where the vertical slat sits. A different joinery means a different name.

Small changho are different. The joinery is the same. Only the location and the use differ.

A yakgye-baraji is a yakgye-baraji because it sits in an herbal pharmacy. A nunkkopjaegi-chang gets its name from peering outside beside a door. A nukkup gets its name from having its own separate frame built in.

So when the location disappears, the name fades too. Once herbal pharmacies vanish, "yakgye-baraji" survives only as a name.

Nunsseop-baraji, yakgye-baraji, and nukkup — all three survive as names only in Jang Gi-in's Changho.

I haven't found them in other sources. But since plates of them are included, the physical objects clearly did exist.

There seems to be an order to how a name fades. A name born from the joinery survives; a name born from a location goes wherever that location goes.

Names Left Out of This Glossary

Jungchang (中窓) · Yeonchang (連窓) · Jung-yeonchang (中連窓)

These appear in Jang Gi-in's classification table, but they aren't terms from traditional changho.

A yeonchang is what you call it when two or more changho, each with its own sash and frame, have their adjacent frames joined together — used for a large opening. It's a term from modern changho. A jung-yeonchang is the same thing with a center post set between them.

Jungchang hasn't been confirmed anywhere.

The neonchul family hasn't been confirmed yet either.